Reflex Epilepsies

Etiologies: Some are related to heredity, and some may have abnormal brain structure (abnormal development or acquired injury). For example, reading epilepsy is often related to heredity, while startle epilepsy is often related to abnormal brain structure.

Age of onset: Not sure.

Seizure characteristics: Induced by specific stimuli (which can be caused by flash, shock, specific graphics, reading, specific sound, hot bath, eating, thinking, writing, etc., and various types of reflex epilepsy have their own different characteristics), mainly refers to sensory stimuli, but for fever, sleep deprivation, hyperventilation, fatigue, mental stress, alcohol, menstrual cycle and other non-specific seizures that occur by lowering the epileptogenic threshold are generally not reflex seizures [1-2].

EEG: depending on the type.

Brain MRI: Some are basically normal, and some may have corresponding brain structural abnormalities (often seen in startle epilepsy).

Developmental progress:depending on the type.

References

1. Panayiotopoulos.  癫痫综合征及临床治疗.  北京 : 人民卫生出版社, 2012.
2. 刘晓燕.  临床脑电图学. 第2版.  北京 : 人民卫生出版社, 2017.