2001国际抗癫痫联盟(ILAE)癫痫发作分类

1、自限性发作类型(Self-limited seizure types)

  1. 全面性发作(Generalized seizures)
    1. 强直-阵挛性发作(包括开始以阵挛或肌阵挛的变异型)(Tonic–clonic seizures (includes variations beginning with a clonic or myoclonic phase))
    2. 阵挛性发作(Clonic seizures)
      1. 不伴有强直特征(Without tonic features)
      2. 伴有强直特征(With tonic features)
    3. 典型失神发作(Typical absence seizures)
    4. 不典型失神发作(Atypical absence seizures)
    5. 肌阵挛失神发作(Myoclonic absence seizures)
    6. 强直发作(Tonic seizures)
    7. 痉挛(Spasms)
    8. 肌阵挛发作(Myoclonic seizures)
    9. 眼睑肌阵挛(Eyelid myoclonia)
      1. 不伴有失神(Without absences)
      2. 伴有失神(With absences)
    10. 肌阵挛失张力发作(Myoclonic atonic seizures)
    11. 负性肌阵挛(Negative myoclonus)
    12. 失张力发作(Atonic seizures)
    13. 全面性癫痫综合征中的反射性发作(Reflex seizures in generalized epilepsy syndromes)
  2. 局灶性发作(Focal seizures)
    1. 局灶感觉性发作(Focal sensory seizures)
      1. 有基本感觉症状(如枕叶和顶叶的发作)With elementary sensory symptoms (e.g., occipital and parietal lobe seizures)
      2. 有体验性感觉症状(如颞顶枕交界性发作)(With experiential sensory symptoms (e.g., temporoparietooccipital junction seizures))
    2. 局灶运动性发作(Focal motor seizures)
      1. 有基本的阵挛动作性特征(With elementary clonic motor signs)
      2. 有不对称性强直运动性发作(例如额外的运动性发作)With asymmetric tonic motor seizures (e.g., supplementary motor seizures)
      3. 具有典型的(颞叶)自动症(如颞叶内侧发作)With typical (temporal lobe) automatisms (e.g., mesial temporal lobe seizures)
      4. 具有过度运动自动症(With hyperkinetic automatisms)
      5. 具有局灶性负性肌阵挛(With focal negative myoclonus)
      6. 具有抑制性运动性发作(With inhibitory motor seizures)
    3. 痴笑发作(Gelastic seizures)
    4. 偏侧阵挛性发作(Hemiclonic seizures)
    5. 继发全面性发作(Secondarily generalized seizures)
    6. 局灶性癫痫综合征的反射性发作(Reflex seizures in focal epilepsy syndromes)

2、持续性发作类型(Continuous seizure types)

  1. 全面性癫痫持续状态(Generalized status epilepticus)
    1. 全面强直阵挛性癫痫持续状态(Generalized tonic–clonic status epilepticus)
    2. 阵挛性癫痫持续状态(Clonic status epilepticus)
    3. 失神癫痫持续状态(Absence status epilepticus)
    4. 强直性癫痫持续状态(Tonic status epilepticus)
    5. 肌阵挛性癫痫持续状态(Myoclonic status epilepticus)
  2. 局灶性癫痫持续状态(Focal status epilepticus)
    1. Kojevnikov部分性癫痫持续状态(Epilepsia partialis continua of Kojevnikov)
    2. 持续性先兆(Aura continua)
    3. 边缘系统性癫痫持续状态(精神运动性持续状态)Limbic status epilepticus (psychomotor status) 
    4. 伴半侧瘫痪的半侧惊厥持续状态(Hemiconvulsive status with hemiparesis)

3、刺激诱发反射性发作(Precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures)

  1. 视觉刺激(Visual stimuli)
    1. 闪光:如果可能具体说明光的颜色(Flickering light: color to be specified when possible)
    2. 某种图形模式(Patterns)
    3. 其它视觉刺激(Other visual stimuli)
  2. 思考(Thinking )
  3. 音乐(Music)
  4. 进食(Eating)
  5. 操作(Praxis)
  6. 躯体感觉(Somatosensory)
  7. 本体感觉(Proprioceptive)
  8. 阅读(Reading)
  9. 热水(Hot water)
  10. 惊吓(Startle)

 

参考文献:

1、Engel, J., Jr. and E. International League Against, A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology.Epilepsia, 2001. 42(6): p. 796-803.