1998年Lüders癫痫发作分类
1、先兆(Auras)
- 躯体感觉先兆(somatosensory aura)
- 视觉先兆(visual aura)
- 嗅觉先兆(olfactory aura)
- 味觉先兆(gustatory aura)
- 听觉先兆(auditory aura)
- 精神先兆(psychic aura)
- 自主神经先兆(autonomic aura)
- 腹部先兆(abdominal aura)
2、自主神经性发作(Autonomic seizures)
3、愣神发作(Dialeptic seizure)(这是当时新提出的一个术语,也有翻译为呆顿性发作、解离性发作或意识障碍性发作;主要是为了来区别失神发作(absences seizure),因为愣神发作只是单纯从症状学的角度来讲,它既可以是全面性的失神发作也可以是其它局灶性的发作,只是强调有意识的改变)
- 典型愣神发作(典型的愣神发作指短暂意识改变发作:<20秒。意识改变开始和结束都是突然的,并经常伴有3Hz有节奏地眨眼。全面性失神癫痫患者常有典型愣神发作)(Typical dialeptic seizures)(Typical dialeptic seizures consist of short episodes of altered consciousness: <20 s. The alteration of consciousness begins and ends abruptly and frequently is associated with rhythmical eye blinking at a rate of 3 Hz. Patients with generalized absence epilepsy often have typical dialeptic seizures)
4、运动发作(Motor seizures)
- 简单运动性发作(Simple motor seizure)
- 肌阵挛发作(myoclonic seizure)
- 阵挛性发作(clonic seizure)
- 强直性发作(tonic seizure)
- 强直-阵挛发作(tonic-clonic seizure)
- 癫痫性痉挛(Epileptic spasm)
- 偏转性发作(versive seizure)
- 复杂运动性发作(Complex motor seizure)
- 过度运动发作(Hypermotor seizure)
- 自主运动发作(Automotor seizure)
5、特殊发作(Special seizures)
- 失张力发作(Atonic seizure)
- 站立不能发作(Astatic seizure)
- 运动不能发作(Akinetic seizure)
- 运动减少发作(Hypomotor seizure)
- 负性肌阵挛发作(Negative myoclonic seizures)
- 失语性发作(Aphasic seizure)
6、阵发性事件(Paroxysmal event)
参考文献:
1、Luders, H., et al., Semiological seizure classification.Epilepsia, 1998. 39(9): p. 1006-13.