Clonazepam (CZP)

1) The main possible mechanism: GABA-A receptor agonist (increases the opening frequency of chloride channels).

2) Therapeutic indications: Relatively broad-spectrum antiepileptic drugs have a certain effect on various types of seizures (but mainly suitable for myoclonic seizures).

3) Warning: Newborns are prohibited from using it. Patients with myasthenia gravis, acute angle-closure glaucoma, hypoalbuminemia, hyperactivity symptoms, severe lung disease, and long-term bedridden patients should be avoided as much as possible. In addition, considering its adverse effects, it is relatively rare to choose it alone at the beginning, and it is generally used as a small dose addition, mainly in some patients with intractable epilepsy.

4) Dosage for children: Click to view the dosage for children of different ages and weights.

5) Major adverse reactions in children: Mainly prone to drowsiness, excessive salivation, and muscle weakness. Individual patients may experience unusual excitement, irritability, hyperactivity, inattention, and ataxia. In addition, long-term use of large amounts of drugs is prone to dependence (usually more than 6 weeks, it is prone to dependence). Withdrawal syndrome may occur when the drug is stopped suddenly. In addition to making epilepsy worse, agitation or depression can also occur. Therefore, if you want to stop the drug, you need to slowly reduce the dose (especially when the initial dose is relatively large, do not stop the drug suddenly).

6) Interaction with other anti-epileptic drugs: Avoid the combined use of drugs with the same sedative effect, such as diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam (but these drugs are generally used for status epilepticus or temporarily for a few days in a short time, and generally will not be used for a long time), nitrazepam, phenobarbital, chlorbazam, etc.

7) Interaction with non-anti-epileptic drugs: 1. Alcohol will increase its sedative effect and should be avoided. In addition, the combined use of anesthetics, clonidine, analgesics, phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase type A inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants will enhance each other's effects, and the dosage needs to be adjusted. 2. It will increase the antihypertensive effect of antihypertensive drugs. 3. It can increase the blood concentration of digoxin. 4. Rifampicin will increase its removal. 5. Isoniazid will increase its blood concentration. 6. It will reduce the efficacy of levodopa.

Clonazepam Instruction

FDA.